To measure a zener diode’s breakdown voltage, you need a dc voltage source whose voltage exceeds that of the zener voltage. In Figure 1, resistor R SER provides voltage drop between V IN and V ZEN. In ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics. LEDs are the most efficient way to turn an electric current into illumination. When a current flows through a diode in the forward ...

In this post, two LED blinking circuits are given below. First one is dancing bi-color LEDs (two different color LEDs) where the two color LED will run in sequence. In the second circuit, we will ...

The lighting industry has been buzzing with news of solid-state light source advancements for several years. As one light-emitting diode (LED) lighting fixture manufacturer puts it, flat printed ...

1. Bob Pease used an LM334 current source to servo the current from a PNP transistor through an LED diode. The LM334 will draw current into its V+ pin until the voltage on the R pin reaches 0.068 V.

Optical interconnects have attracted much research attention in recent years owing to potential performance and power-consumption improvements over traditional electrical connectivity. A complete ...

A blast from the Elektor archives: this 1998 battery tester uses a simple LED display to reveal a battery’s true condition under load — even below 1 V.